Impairments in GainEqualized Distributed Fiber Raman Amplifiers due to FourWave Mixing and Parametric Amplification Processes
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this work, by means of numerical simulations, we verify that four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, including depletion and parametric gain, generate a redistribution of pump power in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (DFRAs). As a consequence of pump-pump FWM, FWM products are generated, as well as a power exchange between pumps, which produces degradation in the performance of the amplifier due to new SRS-FWM interactions. Numerical results show impairments in distributed amplified systems due to these interactions, such as loss of flatness on the spectral gain, reduction on the net Raman gain, and presence of strong FWM products within the transmission band.
منابع مشابه
Redistribution of pump power and impairments in gain-equalized distributed fiber Raman amplifiers due to four-wave mixing and parametric amplification
In this work, by using a comprehensive numerical model which rigorously describes the interaction between stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and four-wave mixing (FWM), we verify that FWM processes, including depletion and parametric gain, generate a redistribution of pump power in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (DFRAs). As a consequence of pump–pump FWM, several FWM components can be genera...
متن کاملVector theory of four-wave mixing: polarization effects in fiber-optic parametric amplifiers
We present a vector theory of four-wave mixing and use it to study the polarization-dependent nature of fourwave mixing and the conditions under which the gain of a dual-pump fiber-optic parametric amplifier becomes polarization independent. We find that in the absence of selfand cross-phase modulations, any pair of orthogonally polarized pumps can provide polarization-independent gain, but thi...
متن کاملInvestigation of Scalar Modulation Instability in the Presence of Raman Scattering in Photonic Crystal Fibers
In this paper, by including Raman scattering in the coupled-mode equations, the scalar modulation instability in photonic crystal fibers is investigated. The evolution of the pump, Stokes and anti-Stokes waves along the fiber as well as the conversion efficiency for two cases, with and without Raman effect, are studied. The effect of anti-Stokes seed and the pump depletion on the evolution of S...
متن کاملInformation Assurance and System Survivability in All-optical Networks
All-Optical Networks (AON) are unique in that they support many optical wavelengths using optical amplifiers, optical add/drop multiplexers and optical switches or cross-connects. In addition, AON’s provide islands of transparency reaching 1500km or more. For AON’s service disruption is most easily achieved in the optical amplifiers, while the tapping or eavesdropping is most easily achieved th...
متن کاملReduced timing jitter in dispersion-managed light- wave systems through parametric amplification
We show that the timing jitter in dispersion-managed light-wave systems can be reduced considerably by replacing the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with parametric amplifiers in which four-wave mixing is used to generate a phase-conjugated signal. We derive analytic expressions for the timing jitter by using the moment method for both the soliton and the nonsoliton systems and show that in both ...
متن کامل